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Subliminal perception refers to


A) the process of seeing or hearing messages without being aware of them.
B) a person's innate ability to read nonverbal cues such as body language and facial expressions.
C) the ability of a person to understand the allegorical meanings behind words, sentences, or paragraphs communicated in writing or speech.
D) the process of being brainwashed to the point of acting in a way that is contrary to or inconsistent with one's normal behavior.
E) the inability of a person to communicate due to lack of background knowledge or experience.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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You have determined you want to buy an advanced hybrid vehicle,and a visit to Ford's website has revealed that the Ford Fusion Hybrid SE uses hybrid fuel technology with the latest in lithium-ion battery technology.You are currently in which stage of the consumer purchase decision process for this type of automobile?


A) problem recognition
B) needs analysis
C) purchase decision
D) information search
E) postpurchase evaluation

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A brand community refers to


A) the relatively permanent, homogeneous divisions in a society that consists of people who share similar values, interests, behaviors, and brands.
B) a specialized group of consumers with a structured set of relationships involving a particular brand, fellow customers of that brand, and the product in use.
C) people to whom an individual looks as a basis for purchasing particular brands.
D) those buyers who, through the size of their purchases, affect where marketing dollars will be spent on a particular brand.
E) those brands with whom a person does not wish to be identified.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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While posting photos on Instagram one evening,your stomach growls.You see an ad for Jimmy John's.You walk to Jimmy John's and buy a sandwich,which tastes great.In terms of behavioral learning,walking to the sandwich shop and buying a sandwich is a


A) drive.
B) response.
C) reinforcement.
D) cue.
E) prompt.

F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

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Danilo has decided to purchase a new video game console,not having owned one before.He calls his gamer friends for recommendations about alternative brands and options.He has few concerns about the purchase but wants a quick rundown of the most important aspects to consider.In making his decision,Danilo seems likely to engage in which of the following problem solving variations?


A) limited problem solving
B) extended problem solving
C) routine problem solving
D) alternative problem solving
E) integrated problem solving

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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High-involvement purchases typically have which of the following characteristics?


A) The item is inexpensive, widely available, or simple to use.
B) The item is inexpensive, very safe to use, or purchased with great frequency.
C) The item is expensive, new to the market, or recommended by influential personal sources.
D) The item is expensive, can have serious personal consequences, or could reflect on one's social image.
E) The item is inexpensive, new to the market, or is used for more than five years.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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How do selective perception,selective exposure,selective comprehension,and selective retention differ?

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Perception is the process by which an in...

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Comparative advertising,in which one brand is compared to another,is intended to cause consumers to perceive differences between the products featured in the advertising.Marketers who employ comparative advertising are trying to use __________ to make consumers believe that their products are better than competitors' offerings.


A) cognitive dissonance
B) selective retention
C) selective comprehension
D) stimulus generalization
E) stimulus discrimination

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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You need to buy a gift for a young cousin's birthday.You go to the mall and see a girl wearing a Hello Kitty T-shirt.You remember there is a store in the mall with a lot of Hello Kitty merchandise so you go there and buy a little backpack.When you give it to your cousin,she is very excited.In terms of behavioral learning,seeing the girl with the Hello Kitty shirt was a


A) drive.
B) reinforcement.
C) cue.
D) response.
E) prompt.

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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After a problem has been recognized in the consumer purchase decision process,the consumer proceeds to the second stage known as


A) information search.
B) purchase decision.
C) alternative evaluation.
D) opportunity identification.
E) problem evaluation.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Figure 4-5 Figure 4-5   -According to Figure 4-5,C defines what level in the Maslow hierarchy of needs? A)  physiological B)  safety C)  social D)  personal E)  self-actualization -According to Figure 4-5,C defines what level in the Maslow hierarchy of needs?


A) physiological
B) safety
C) social
D) personal
E) self-actualization

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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When purchasing a tablet device,factors like brand image,price,and battery life that a consumer considers prior to purchase are called


A) points of difference
B) informational alternatives
C) buying-decision choices
D) evaluative criteria
E) consumer attributes

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Learning refers to


A) content that has been transferred from short-term to long-term memory.
B) those behaviors that result from repeated experience and reasoning.
C) the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets information to create a meaningful picture of the world.
D) a consumer's subjective perception of how a product or brand performs on different attributes based on personal experience, advertising, and discussions with other people.
E) a predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Five situational influences have an impact on a consumer's purchase decision process.One of these is


A) competitive offerings.
B) motivation.
C) core values.
D) brand loyalty.
E) social surroundings.

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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When Kia Motors offered a 10-year,100,000-mile warranty for its Kia Soul automobile,its strategy was to reduce consumers' __________ and encourage purchases.


A) behavioral learning
B) cognitive learning
C) brand loyalty
D) perceived risk
E) postpurchase dissonance

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Anheuser-Busch's agricultural products division sells eight varieties of California-grown rice,each with a different Asian label to cover a range of nationalities and tastes.Anheuser-Busch is recognizing the diversity of the Asian American _____________ in the United States.


A) agricultural trends
B) influence
C) entrepreneurialism
D) subculture
E) assimilation

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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In behavioral learning,__________ is a stimulus or symbol perceived by consumers.


A) a drive
B) a cue
C) an attitude
D) a response
E) a reinforcement

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is not part of the physical surroundings of a retail store that can influence how purchase decisions are made?


A) decor
B) crowding
C) lighting
D) music
E) time of day

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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An ad for Conesco's life insurance asks the question,"How do you plan on supporting your family after you pass away? " The ad shows a tombstone with a sign that offers the face of the stone as ad space.The ad is intended to appeal to which of the Maslow hierarchy of needs?


A) physiological needs
B) safety needs
C) social needs
D) personal needs
E) self-actualization needs

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Perceived risk is


A) an unmerited fear of being taken advantage of in an exchange situation.
B) the feeling of postpurchase psychological tension or anxiety that consumers may experience when faced with two or more highly attractive alternatives.
C) the degree to which a seller is willing to make an exchange based upon a customer's creditworthiness.
D) the personal, social, and economic significance of the purchase to the consumer.
E) the anxiety felt because the consumer cannot anticipate the outcomes of a purchase but believes there may be negative consequences.

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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