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Economists prefer free trade to tariffs,and prefer tariffs to import quotas.

A) True
B) False

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True

The organization created to oversee the provisions of multilateral trade agreements,resolve disputes under the international trade rules,and meet periodically to consider further trade liberalization is called the:


A) International Monetary Fund (IMF) .
B) World Trade Organization (WTO) .
C) Common Market Organization (CMO) .
D) International Trade Commission (ITC) .

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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(Consider This) According to Dallas Federal Reserve economist W.Michael Cox,taken to its extreme,the logic of "buying American" implies that:


A) we should buy everything from abroad.
B) people should only consume what they can produce themselves.
C) consumers should only buy goods from other states.
D) the best quality goods are found in the United States.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Answer the question on the basis of the following domestic supply and demand schedules for a product.Suppose that the world price of the product is $1.  Quantity  Supplied  (Domestic)   Price  Quantity  Demanded  (Domestic)  12$52104473742111116\begin{array} { c c c } \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity } \\\text { Supplied } \\\text { (Domestic) }\end{array} & \text { Price } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity } \\\text { Demanded } \\\text { (Domestic) }\end{array} \\ 12 & \$ 5 & 2 \\10 & 4 & 4 \\7 & 3 & 7 \\4 & 2 & 11 \\1 & 1 & 16\end{array} Refer to the given data.With a $1-per-unit tariff,the quantities sold by foreign and domestic producers respectively will be:


A) 1 unit and 15 units.
B) 7 units and 4 units.
C) 11 units and 4 units.
D) indeterminate.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Answer the question on the basis of the following domestic supply and demand schedules for a product.Suppose that the world price of the product is $1.  Quantity  Supplied  (Domestic)   Price  Quantity  Demanded  (Domestic)  12$52104473742111116\begin{array} { c c c } \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity } \\\text { Supplied } \\\text { (Domestic) }\end{array} & \text { Price } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity } \\\text { Demanded } \\\text { (Domestic) }\end{array} \\ 12 & \$ 5 & 2 \\10 & 4 & 4 \\7 & 3 & 7 \\4 & 2 & 11 \\1 & 1 & 16\end{array} Refer to the given data.If the economy was opened to free trade and the world price of $1 prevailed,the price and quantity sold of this product would be:


A) $1 and 1 unit.
B) $1 and 16 units.
C) $3 and 7 units.
D) $2 and 11 units.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following arguments for trade protection contends that new domestic industries need support to establish themselves and survive?


A) The increased domestic employment argument.
B) The cheap foreign labor argument.
C) The diversification-for-stability argument.
D) The infant industry argument.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The World Trade Organization (WTO)is an international organization designed to provide short-term advances of foreign monies to those nations faced with trade deficits.

A) True
B) False

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Frederic Bastiat's Petition of the Candlemakers most directly refutes which of the following arguments for protectionism?


A) Increased domestic employment argument.
B) Infant industry argument.
C) Cheap foreign labor argument.
D) Diversification-for-stability argument.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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International trade based on the principle of comparative advantage creates a more efficient allocation of world economic resources.

A) True
B) False

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Answer the question on the basis of the following information about the cost ratios for two products-fish (F) and chicken (C) -in countries Singsong and Harmony.Assume that production occurs under conditions of constant costs and these are the only two nations in the world. Singsong: 1F = 2C Harmony: 1F = 4C Refer to the given information.In Singsong the domestic real cost of each chicken:


A) is ½ fish.
B) is 2 fish.
C) increases with the level of fish caught.
D) decreases with the level of fish caught.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following statements is false?


A) Studies show that developing nations that have relied on import restrictions to protect domestic industries have had higher growth rates than similar nations pursuing more open economic policies.
B) The U.S.Constitution forbids individual states from levying tariffs.
C) The high tariffs of the Smoot-Hawley Act of 1930 and the retaliation they caused worsened the Great Depression.
D) The European Union has enhanced prosperity in Western Europe.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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In the past,Canada has agreed to set an upper limit on the total amount of softwood lumber sold to the United States.This is an example of a(n) :


A) import quota.
B) export subsidy.
C) voluntary export restriction.
D) protective tariff.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Answer the question on the basis of the following information.Assume that by devoting all its resources to the production of X,nation Alpha can produce 20 units of X.By devoting all its resources to Y,Alpha can produce 30Y.Comparable figures for nation Beta are 60X and 40Y. Refer to the given information.There is no basis for trade between Alpha and Beta because Beta has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods.

A) True
B) False

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In terms of absolute dollar volume,the top 3 leaders in world exports are:


A) Japan,China,and the European Union.
B) the United States,England,and Canada.
C) Germany,England,and the United States.
D) China,Germany,and the United States.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Critics of the World Trade Organization (WTO) say that liberalized world trade does all of the following except:


A) produce environmental degradation.
B) allow producers to circumvent labor protections such as workplace safety,child labor restrictions,and collective bargaining rights.
C) helps developing nations escape from poverty.
D) promote the interests of multinational corporations.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Answer the question on the basis of the following production possibilities data for two countries,Alpha and Beta,which have populations of equal size.  Alpha’s Production Possibilities Fish (Tons) Chips (Tons) 80060540102015020\begin{array}{c}\quad\quad\underline{\text { Alpha's Production Possibilities }}\\\begin{array}{lll} \\ \text {Fish (Tons) }\\ \text {Chips (Tons) } \end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {A }}\\ 80 \\0\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {B }}\\ 60 \\5\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {C }}\\ 40 \\10\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {D }}\\20 \\15\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {E }}\\0 \\20 \end{array}\end{array}  Beta’s Production Possibilities Fish (Tons) Chips (Tons) 240018010120206030040\begin{array}{c}\quad\quad\underline{\text { Beta's Production Possibilities }}\\\begin{array}{lll} \\ \text {Fish (Tons) }\\ \text {Chips (Tons) } \end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {A }}\\240 \\0\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {B }}\\ 180 \\10\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {C }}\\120 \\20\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {D }}\\60 \\30\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {E }}\\0 \\40 \end{array}\end{array} Refer to the given data.The domestic opportunity cost of:


A) producing a ton of chips in Alpha is 1/5 of a ton of fish.
B) producing a ton of chips in Beta is 6 tons of fish.
C) catching a ton of fish in Alpha is 5 tons of chips.
D) catching a ton of fish in Beta is 6 tons of chips.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Answer the question on the basis of the following production possibilities tables for two countries,Latalia and Trombonia: Latalia’s Production Possibilities Pork (Tons) Beans (Tons) A40B35C210D115E020\begin{array}{c}\quad\quad\quad\underline{ \text {Latalia's Production Possibilities }}\\\begin{array}{lll}\\ \text {Pork (Tons) }\\ \text {Beans (Tons) }\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {A}}\\4\\0\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {B}}\\3\\5\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {C}}\\2\\10\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {D}}\\1\\15\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {E}}\\0\\20\end{array}\end{array} Trombonia’s Production Possibilities Pork (Tons) Beans (Tons) A80B66C412D218E024\begin{array}{c}\quad\quad\quad\underline{\text {Trombonia's Production Possibilities }}\\\begin{array}{lll}\\ \text {Pork (Tons) }\\ \text {Beans (Tons) }\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {A}}\\8\\0\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {B}}\\6\\6\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {C}}\\4\\12\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {D}}\\2\\18\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\underline{\text {E}}\\0\\24\end{array}\end{array} Refer to the tables.If these two nations specialize on the basis of comparative advantage:


A) Trombonia will produce beans and Latalia will produce pork.
B) Trombonia will produce both beans and pork.
C) Latalia will produce both beans and pork and Trombonia will produce neither.
D) Latalia will produce beans and Trombonia will produce pork.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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D

Answer the question on the basis of the following production possibilities data for Gamma and Sigma.All data are in tons. Gamma's production possibilities:  A B C D E Tea 1209060300 Pots0306090120\begin{array}{llcc}&\underline{\text { A } }&\underline{\text {B}}&\underline{\text { C} } &\underline{\text { D } }&\underline{\text {E}}\\\text { Tea } &120&90&60&30&0\\\text { Pots}&0&30&60&90&120\end{array} Sigma's production possibilities:  A B C D E Tea 1209060300 Pots0306090120\begin{array}{llcc}&\underline{\text { A } }&\underline{\text {B}}&\underline{\text { C} } &\underline{\text { D } }&\underline{\text {E}}\\\text { Tea } &120&90&60&30&0\\\text { Pots}&0&30&60&90&120\end{array} Refer to the given data.What are the limits of the terms of trade between Gamma and Sigma?


A) 1 tea = 2 pots to 1 tea = 6 pots
B) 1 tea = 3 pots to 1 tea = 6 pots
C) 1 tea = 2 pots to 1 tea = 3.5 pots
D) 1 tea = 1 pot to 1 tea = 3 pots

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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D

Differences in production efficiencies among nations in producing a particular good result from:


A) different endowments of fertile soil.
B) different amounts of skilled labor.
C) different levels of technological knowledge.
D) all of these.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Answer the question on the basis of the following domestic supply and demand schedules for a product.Suppose that the world price of the product is $1.  Quantity  Supplied  (Domestic)   Price  Quantity  Demanded  (Domestic)  12$52104473742111116\begin{array} { c c c } \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity } \\\text { Supplied } \\\text { (Domestic) }\end{array} & \text { Price } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity } \\\text { Demanded } \\\text { (Domestic) }\end{array} \\12 & \$ 5 & 2 \\10 & 4 & 4 \\7 & 3 & 7 \\4 & 2 & 11 \\1 & 1 & 16\end{array} Refer to the given data.The total amount of revenue collected from a $1-per-unit tariff on this product will be:


A) $22.
B) $8.
C) $7.
D) $14.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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