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As an alternative to mainstream journalism, the blogs of "citizen journalists" __________.


A) employ editors and fact checkers
B) offer facts instead of opinions
C) compete with media giants
D) focus exclusively on national politics

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Pressure to make a profit and the need to attract an audience can lead to _________ in the media.


A) ideological bias
B) racial bias
C) traditional institutional bias
D) commercial bias

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The bias of the mass media in presidential elections can be described as _________.


A) conservative
B) extreme
C) fairly neutral
D) liberal

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Most newspapers get their international and national news from the same source: the __________.


A) Drudge Report
B) Associated Press
C) New York Times
D) United Press International

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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A "media event" staged for television to depict an official's position on a particular issue demonstrates the __________ relationship between politicians and reporters.


A) symbiotic
B) pro bono
C) adversarial
D) ethical

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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__________ do not try to be neutral.


A) Network media
B) Broadcast media
C) Advocacy media
D) Mainstream media

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The mainstream media usually toe the government line in their coverage of __________.


A) state and local matters
B) national issues
C) foreign affairs
D) national issues and foreign affairs

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Most people who watch news on television say that newscasts devote too much time to ________.


A) entertainment
B) "infotainment"
C) politics
D) pollsters

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Most journalists of the mainstream media are _________.


A) more likely than not to be committed ideologues
B) more likely to care about politics than the issues
C) more likely than not to be Republicans, or leaning toward being Republican
D) more likely than not to be white lower-class males

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The media often expose themselves to accusations of bias because of their habitual practice of paying attention to __________.


A) substantive issues
B) facts
C) minor matters
D) third parties

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A blog is a(n) __________.


A) independent web log
B) illegal method of stopping a leak
C) monopoly of the Internet by a conglomerate
D) example of professional, unbiased reporting

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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False blog posts and tabloid stories that are, nontheless, so widely circulated that the mainstream media feel pressured to report them have been called __________, by at least one writer-journalist.


A) "fake news"
B) "undernews"
C) "overnews"
D) "trash"

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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How can one determine the direction of political bias?

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Determining the direction of political b...

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In their efforts to "hook and keep" viewers, networks engage in _____________.


A) crowd sourcing
B) spinning
C) branding
D) "infotainment"

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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People today use technology, such as social networking websites, to communicate as people traditionally used __________.


A) meetings
B) protests
C) word-of-mouth
D) mass mailings

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Only six companies own about __________ of the cable television market.


A) 20 percent
B) 35 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 80 percent

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Today's publicly aired presidential press conferences __________.


A) are similar, in many respects, to Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats"
B) lead to animosity between television and newspaper reporters
C) allow presidents to convey messages directly to the public
D) showcase spontaneous answers by presidents to tough questions

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Explain how local news has become a casualty of media concentration.

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Local news has become a casualty of medi...

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Sound bites ________.


A) are rarely, if ever, reported by the media
B) are a type of media event
C) are getting longer and longer
D) are similar to classical orations

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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One outcome resulting from the concentrated control of information and entertainment in the hands of fewer and fewer media companies is __________.


A) less profitable media organizations
B) wider ranges of reported viewpoints
C) fewer sources of news
D) greater access to local news coverage

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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