Question 1

Zooplankton are heterotrophs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Using a site in Northern California,you repeat Stiling and Drake's experiments in elevated and ambient CO2 chambers,and achieve similar results.However,you notice that for one species of herbivore,the mortality rate from predators and parasitoids is equal in the elevated and ambient chambers,while the mortality rate due to nutritional inadequacy is higher in elevated chambers.The herbivore species in question is native to Asia and has only recently arrived in the United States.What is a likely explanation for your findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Asian herbivore does not take longer to complete development in elevated CO2 chambers,so it is not subject to additional enemy attack.
B)  CO2 becomes toxic to the Asian herbivore at the levels found in the elevated chambers.
C)  The Asian herbivore takes longer to complete development in the elevated chambers,but has very few natural enemies due to its foreign origin.
D)  Individuals of the Asian herbivore species thrive in the elevated CO2 chamber,growing so large that natural enemies no longer attack them.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Lead is known to biomagnify and accumulates in the bones of organisms.What do you think is the fate of lead in the body of a tiger that has died of natural causes? Assume the tiger occupies the highest trophic level of its ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A)  The lead will be eliminated from the food chain because no species prey upon the tiger.
B)  The lead will re-enter the food chain via decomposers breaking down the tiger's bone tissue.
C)  The lead will be broken down to a non-toxic form by decomposers.
D)  The lead will re-enter the food chain via evaporation and precipitation.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The water cycle is primarily a chemical process,not a physical one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Assimilation is the process by which inorganic substances are incorporated into organic molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

You are studying salt marsh ecosystems and find that in one of your study sites the biomass of herbivores within it is 10 kJ/m2.Based on the graph below,what would you predict about the primary productivity of this salt marsh relative to other ecosystems? 2.Based on the graph below,what would you predict about the primary productivity of this salt marsh relative to other ecosystems?   A) It would be higher than tundra,but lower than savannah. B) It would be higher than temperate forest,but lower than tropical forest. C) It would be higher than savannah,but lower than temperate forest. D) It would be higher than desert,but lower than tundra. " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)  It would be higher than tundra,but lower than savannah.
B)  It would be higher than temperate forest,but lower than tropical forest.
C)  It would be higher than savannah,but lower than temperate forest.
D)  It would be higher than desert,but lower than tundra.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

How does DDT in the environment affect many birds?

Accepted Answer

A)  stunted growth of chicks
B)  chronic liver failure in adults
C)  neurological degeneration
D)  decreased reproductive rateE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

What is gross primary production?

Accepted Answer

A)  The carbon fixed during photosynthesis.
B)  The carbon fixed after cellular respiration is accounted for.
C)  Energy released by primary consumers.
D)  Photosynthetic production plus energy recycled by detritivores.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

In food webs,chain lengths

Accepted Answer

A)  are long and complex.
B)  have at least five links.
C)  tend to be short.
D)  range between five and ten links.
E)  are usually two links.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic chemicals that were widely used in manufacturing until they were banned in the U.S.in 1977.PCBs are very persistent in the environment and bind strongly to sediments,meaning that bottom dwelling and filter feeding organisms are likely to take in PCBs as they feed.PBCs accumulate in the fatty tissues and,to a lesser extent,muscle tissues of organisms.Examine the food web below.Which organism(s) do you predict would have the highest concentration of PCBs in their tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  shrimp
B)  mussels
C)  seal
D)  crab
E)  salmonF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

A single oak tree can support hundreds of beetles,caterpillars and other primary consumers.This would be best represented by

Accepted Answer

A)  a pyramid of biomass.
B)  an inverted pyramid of biomass.
C)  a pyramid of energy.
D)  a pyramid of numbers.
E)  an inverted pyramid of numbers.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Stirling and Drake's conducted experiments about the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on insect herbivory.What did they conclude about the effect of elevated CO2 on plant growth and herbivory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Higher plant growth,but no change in insect herbivory.
B)  No change in plant growth,but higher herbivore densities.
C)  Higher plant growth,but reduced herbivore densities.
D)  Higher plant growth and herbivore densities.
E)  No change in plant growth,but increased herbivore density.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Insect densities tend to decrease in elevated CO2,all other factors being equal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Each year,plants and algae remove approximately _______ of the CO2 in the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  half
B)  100%
C)  1/7th
D)  50%
E)  1/50thF) C) and D)
G) None of the above C

Question 15

Which of these ecosystems has the lowest productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  tropical forest
B)  temperate forest
C)  savanna
D)  open ocean
E)  lakesF) D) and E)
G) A) and E) D

Question 16

Trophic-level transfer efficiency averages about

Accepted Answer

A)  1%.
B)  25%.
C)  33%.
D)  10%.
E)  0.1%.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Based on data from the figure above,savannahs tend to have a higher herbivore biomass than deserts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 18

In aquatic ecosystems,zooplankton are consumed by phytoplankton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Ammonification is the conversion of ________ to NH3 and NH4.

Accepted Answer

A)  living plant matter
B)  nitrate
C)  inorganic nitrogen
D)  nitrite
E)  organic nitrogenF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 20

Biogeochemical cycles involve

Accepted Answer

A)  the movement of chemicals through ecosystems.
B)  just those nutrients that are limiting for organisms.
C)  the nutrients used solely by primary producers
D)  all chemical elements plus light energy.
E)  None of these choices are correct.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 46: Ecosystem Ecology

Zooplankton are heterotrophs.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Lead is known to biomagnify and accumulates in the bones of organisms.What do you think is the fate of lead in the body of a tiger that has died of natural causes? Assume the tiger occupies the highest trophic level of its ecosystem.

Correct Answer
verified

The water cycle is primarily a chemical process,not a physical one.

Correct Answer
verified

Assimilation is the process by which inorganic substances are incorporated into organic molecules.

Correct Answer
verified

You are studying salt marsh ecosystems and find that in one of your study sites the biomass of herbivores within it is 10 kJ/m².Based on the graph below,what would you predict about the primary productivity of this salt marsh relative to other ecosystems?

Correct Answer
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How does DDT in the environment affect many birds?

Correct Answer
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What is gross primary production?

Correct Answer
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In food webs,chain lengths

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

A single oak tree can support hundreds of beetles,caterpillars and other primary consumers.This would be best represented by

Correct Answer
verified

Stirling and Drake's conducted experiments about the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on insect herbivory.What did they conclude about the effect of elevated CO₂ on plant growth and herbivory?

Correct Answer
verified

Insect densities tend to decrease in elevated CO²,all other factors being equal.

Correct Answer
verified

Each year,plants and algae remove approximately _______ of the CO₂ in the atmosphere.

Correct Answer
verified
C

Which of these ecosystems has the lowest productivity?

Correct Answer
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D

Trophic-level transfer efficiency averages about

Correct Answer
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Based on data from the figure above,savannahs tend to have a higher herbivore biomass than deserts.

Correct Answer
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True

In aquatic ecosystems,zooplankton are consumed by phytoplankton.

Correct Answer
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Ammonification is the conversion of ________ to NH₃ and NH₄.

Correct Answer
verified

Biogeochemical cycles involve

Correct Answer
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Exam 46: Ecosystem Ecology

Zooplankton are heterotrophs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lead is known to biomagnify and accumulates in the bones of organisms.What do you think is the fate of lead in the body of a tiger that has died of natural causes? Assume the tiger occupies the highest trophic level of its ecosystem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The water cycle is primarily a chemical process,not a physical one.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assimilation is the process by which inorganic substances are incorporated into organic molecules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are studying salt marsh ecosystems and find that in one of your study sites the biomass of herbivores within it is 10 kJ/m2.Based on the graph below,what would you predict about the primary productivity of this salt marsh relative to other ecosystems?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does DDT in the environment affect many birds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is gross primary production?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In food webs,chain lengths

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A single oak tree can support hundreds of beetles,caterpillars and other primary consumers.This would be best represented by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stirling and Drake's conducted experiments about the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on insect herbivory.What did they conclude about the effect of elevated CO2 on plant growth and herbivory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insect densities tend to decrease in elevated CO2,all other factors being equal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each year,plants and algae remove approximately _______ of the CO2 in the atmosphere.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of these ecosystems has the lowest productivity?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Trophic-level transfer efficiency averages about

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on data from the figure above,savannahs tend to have a higher herbivore biomass than deserts.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

In aquatic ecosystems,zooplankton are consumed by phytoplankton.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ammonification is the conversion of ________ to NH3 and NH4.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biogeochemical cycles involve

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

You are studying salt marsh ecosystems and find that in one of your study sites the biomass of herbivores within it is 10 kJ/m².Based on the graph below,what would you predict about the primary productivity of this salt marsh relative to other ecosystems?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Stirling and Drake's conducted experiments about the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on insect herbivory.What did they conclude about the effect of elevated CO₂ on plant growth and herbivory?

Correct Answer
verified

Insect densities tend to decrease in elevated CO²,all other factors being equal.

Correct Answer
verified

Each year,plants and algae remove approximately _______ of the CO₂ in the atmosphere.

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
True

Correct Answer
verified

Ammonification is the conversion of ________ to NH₃ and NH₄.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified