Question 1

Once alkalosis has occurred, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)   increased respiratory rate
B)   a plasma pH less than 7.40
C)   retention of hydrogen ions by the kidney
D)   increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate ions
E)   secretion of hydrogen ions by the kidneyF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)   protein
B)   bicarbonate
C)   chloride
D)   water volume
E)   hydrogen ionsF) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 3

What hormone regulates potassium levels, and how does it work?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aldosterone; increases secretion of potassium
B)   Aldosterone; increases reabsorption of potassium
C)   ADH; increases secretion of potassium
D)   ADH; increases reabsorption of potassium
E)   ANH; increases reabsorption of potassiumF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

A)   increased urine output
B)   an increased release of ADH
C)   an increase in renin production
D)   an increase in the secretion of aldosterone
E)   a decreased release of ADHF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 5

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of ___________ cells in bone and increases the rate of calcium ___________ in the kidney tubules.

Accepted Answer

A)   osteoclast; reabsorption
B)   osteoblast; reabsorption
C)   osteocyte; reabsorption
D)   osteocyte; secretion
E)   osteoblast; secretionF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Accepted Answer

A)   removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma.
B)   releasing hydrogen ions into the plasma.
C)   dissociating into H+ and CO3-.
D)   combining with chloride ions.
E)   combining with hemoglobin.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Hyperventilation of the lungs can lead to ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Respiratory acidosis
B)   Respiratory alkalosis
C)   Metabolic acidosis
D)   Metabolic alkalosis
E)   Respiratory shockF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

Parathyroid hormone effects the

Accepted Answer

A)   bones, heart, and blood.
B)   kidney, liver, and spleen.
C)   intestine, kidneys, and bone.
D)   liver, stomach, and small intestine.
E)   stomach, pancreas, and bone.F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

The sensation of thirst results from

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in the plasma volume.
B)   hypertension (increased blood pressure) .
C)   stimulation of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus.
D)   a decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid.
E)   stimulation of baroreceptors.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Mr. I.M.A. Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in respiration rate
B)   a decrease in respiration rate
C)   no change in respiration rateD) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)   release of renin by the kidney
B)   release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
C)   sodium reabsorption by the kidney tubules
D)   angiotensinogen  →\rightarrow→  angiotensin I
E)   angiotensin I  →\rightarrow→  angiotensin II F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 12

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Accepted Answer

A)   blood osmolality.
B)   aldosterone production.
C)   blood pressure in atria of heart.
D)   blood pressure in kidney's afferent arterioles.
E)   blood pressure in the ventricles of the heart.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C) C

Question 13

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Regulation of the pH of the intracellular environment
B)   Regulating pH changes of the blood during exercise
C)   Regulation of blood pH during elevated fat matabolism
D)   Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the respiratory system
E)   Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the kidneysF) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 14

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in urine volume
B)   an increase in urine osmolality
C)   an increase in ADH production
D)   increased aldosterone secretion
E)   a decrease in urine volumeF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

Accepted Answer

A)   baroreceptors.
B)   chemoreceptors.
C)   osmoreceptors.
D)   pressoreceptors.
E)   proprioreceptors.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 16

Extracellular fluid has a

Accepted Answer

A)   higher protein content than intracellular fluid.
B)   higher potassium content than intracellular fluid.
C)   higher sodium content than intracellular fluid.
D)   higher magnesium content than intracellular fluid
E)   higher number of large organic molecules than intracellular fluid.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D) C

Question 17

Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ___________ ions can shut down metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrogen
B)   potassium
C)   sodium
D)   phosphate
E)   glucoseF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes, such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Accepted Answer

A)   Magnesium
B)   Calcium
C)   Hydrogen
D)   Carbonate
E)   PhosphateF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease the hematocrit.
B)   decrease ADH production.
C)   increase the blood pressure.
D)   increase the osmolality of body fluids.
E)   decrease the osmolality of body fluids.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D) D

Question 20

Azetazolamide (Diamox)  is a diuretic. It functions by blocking the activity of carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells. This slows the formation of carbonic acid. By slowing the formation of hydrogen ions in the cells of the tubule, sodium reabsorption is also slowed. This results in the diuretic effect. Select from the following list the possible side-effects of Azetazolamide. (1)  acidosis
(2)  reduced movement of bicarbonate ion into the plasma
(3)  an alkaline urine is produced
(4)  respiration increases

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 4
B)   2, 3
C)   1, 2, 3
D)   2, 3, 4
E)   1, 2, 3, 4F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Once alkalosis has occurred, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Correct Answer
verified

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Correct Answer
verified

What hormone regulates potassium levels, and how does it work?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

Correct Answer
verified

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of _ cells in bone and increases the rate of calcium _ in the kidney tubules.

Correct Answer
verified

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Correct Answer
verified

Hyperventilation of the lungs can lead to ______________________.

Correct Answer
verified

Parathyroid hormone effects the

Correct Answer
verified

The sensation of thirst results from

Correct Answer
verified

Mr. I.M.A. Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following events occurs last?

Correct Answer
verified

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Correct Answer
verified
C

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Correct Answer
verified

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

Correct Answer
verified

Extracellular fluid has a

Correct Answer
verified
C

Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ___________ ions can shut down metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.

Correct Answer
verified

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes, such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Correct Answer
verified

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Once alkalosis has occurred, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What hormone regulates potassium levels, and how does it work?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of ___________ cells in bone and increases the rate of calcium ___________ in the kidney tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyperventilation of the lungs can lead to ______________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parathyroid hormone effects the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sensation of thirst results from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mr. I.M.A. Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following events occurs last?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extracellular fluid has a

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ___________ ions can shut down metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes, such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of _ cells in bone and increases the rate of calcium _ in the kidney tubules.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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C

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Correct Answer
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C

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D

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