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A field of study that examines the correspondence between symbols and their role in the assignment of meaning for people is referred to as


A) back translation.
B) symbiotics.
C) semiotics.
D) symbolic linguistics.
E) cross-cultural analysis.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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A global brand is a brand marketed under the same name in multiple countries with similar and centrally coordinated marketing programs. However, adaptations of global brands are made only


A) if required by government regulations in the host market.
B) in its initial introduction into a market and only until the brand has achieved awareness.
C) when there are domestic competitors causing brand confusion.
D) when necessary to better connect the brand to consumers in different markets.
E) when there is a serious drop in market share.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Customs are


A) what is considered normal and expected about the way people do things in a specific country.
B) those actions or activities within a community that are unique or distinctly different from any other group.
C) actions or behaviors that are repeated over time and carry a specific meaning to a unique group, nationality, or ethnicity.
D) traditions among a group of people, a nation, or ethnicity that affect their purchase behaviors.
E) what would be considered unusual or even unacceptable regarding personal behavior in a specific country.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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U.S.-based Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics attributes its success in Japan to a top-quality product, effective advertising, and a novel ________ strategy, in which it uses Japanese distributors to reach beauty salons rather than department stores.


A) joint venture
B) licensing
C) franchising
D) indirect export
E) direct investment

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements about bribery is most accurate?


A) Bribes, kickbacks, and payoffs offered to entice someone to commit an illegal or improper act are deemed corrupt in some cultures but not in others.
B) The world's major exporting nations have agreed to treat bribery of foreign government officials as a violation of trade agreements.
C) Bribes paid to foreign companies are in some cases a tax-deductible expense in the United States.
D) It is a crime for U.S. corporations to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party unless preapproved by the Federal Trade Commission.
E) It is illegal for a U.S. corporation to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party to obtain or retain business in a foreign country.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Volvo of North America delivered automobiles to the Siberian police force when Siberia had no cash to pay for them. It accepted payment in oil, which it then sold for cash to pay for media advertising in the United States. This transaction is an example of


A) a quota.
B) countertrade.
C) balance of trade.
D) competitive advantage.
E) a trade feedback effect.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following countries is the world's leading importer?


A) United States
B) China
C) India
D) Germany
E) Japan

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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Currency exchange rate refers to


A) the unit equivalency of all international currency.
B) the ratio of a nation's basic unit of currency relative to the price of silver.
C) the ratio of a nation's basic unit of currency relative to the price of gold.
D) the price of one country's currency expressed in terms of another country's currency.
E) the unit of wealth (gold, oil, diamonds, etc.) upon which a nation bases its national currency.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Values are


A) personally or socially held core beliefs that are consistent within a given culture.
B) the beliefs that dictate a person's behavior, which are often derived from a religious code of conduct.
C) personally or socially preferable modes of conduct or states of existence that tend to persist over time.
D) the innate sense of what a person considers to be right or wrong in terms of his or her own conduct when dealing with others.
E) those personality traits regarding honesty and integrity that have been passed down from generation to generation.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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When German car maker Mercedes-Benz owns and operates a factory in Vance, Alabama that makes the M-Class sport-utility vehicle, this global market entry strategy is known as ________ and represents the greatest commitment a company can make to international sales.


A) licensing
B) local assembly
C) a joint venture
D) direct investment
E) local manufacturing

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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What type of exporting has the least amount of commitment and risk but will probably return the least profit?


A) direct
B) indirect
C) licensing
D) joint
E) unilateral

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Most companies become involved in direct exporting when


A) foreign governments believe that they will benefit the most from allowing the entry of direct exports.
B) emerging markets in foreign countries become economically viable.
C) they believe their volume of sales will be sufficiently large and easy to obtain, thus making intermediaries unnecessary.
D) the domestic market becomes saturated with competing products and services.
E) evolving technologies in foreign countries come online.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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  Figure 6-5 -Global companies have five strategies for matching products and their promotion efforts to global markets. According to Figure 6-5, A refers to which type of strategy? A)  product extension strategy B)  communication adaptation strategy C)  product adaptation strategy D)  dual adaptation strategy E)  product invention strategy Figure 6-5 -Global companies have five strategies for matching products and their promotion efforts to global markets. According to Figure 6-5, A refers to which type of strategy?


A) product extension strategy
B) communication adaptation strategy
C) product adaptation strategy
D) dual adaptation strategy
E) product invention strategy

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The EU has benefited firms in its member nations because


A) it provides a safe haven in times of world economic crises.
B) there is a common language advantage among EU consumers.
C) most companies within the EU are engaging in strategic global partnerships.
D) there is now a legally binding code of economic conduct.
E) firms do not need to market their products and services on a nation-by-nation basis.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Global companies have five strategies for matching products and their promotion efforts to global markets. Changing a product in some way to make it more appropriate for a country's climate or preferences is an example of which type of global marketing product and promotion strategy?


A) product extension
B) product customization
C) product adaptation
D) product invention
E) product integration

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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KFC has created many offerings for its menus in China to appeal to local tastes, including the "Dragon Twister," which is a chicken wrap with Peking-duck sauce. This is an example of which type of global marketing product and promotion strategy?


A) product extension
B) product customization
C) product adaptation
D) product invention
E) product integration

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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An estimated 10 to 15 percent of world trade involves ________, the practice of using barter rather than money for making global sales.


A) tariffs
B) countertrade
C) the balance of trade
D) trade feedback
E) market trading

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Direct investment as a global market entry strategy refers to


A) offering the right to a trademark, patent, trade secret, or similarly valued items of intellectual property in return for a royalty or fee.
B) contracting with a foreign firm to manufacture products according to certain specifications.
C) a foreign company and a local firm investing together to create a local business.
D) having a company handle its own exports directly, without intermediaries.
E) a domestic firm actually investing in and owning a foreign subsidiary or division.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Whirlpool asked the United States to impose ________ on washing machine imports made by LG Electronics and Samsung Electronics, both South Korean companies, to raise the price of these products. Whirlpool accused these companies of selling below fair market value and receiving anticompetitive export subsidies from their governments, both of which could jeopardize American jobs.


A) boycotts
B) quotas
C) sanctions
D) tariffs
E) embargoes

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Russia currently has a limit on pork of 400,000 metric tons annually that can be imported from any country. This restriction would be considered


A) a tariff.
B) a trade imbalance.
C) an excise tax.
D) a quota.
E) a subsidy.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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