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Which letter indicates the direction of incoming light in a typical vertebrate? Which letter indicates the direction of incoming light in a typical vertebrate?   A) A B) B C) C D) D


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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After years of listening to loud music on headphones, the cilia on Bob's hair cells are damaged.What is the result?


A) vestibular problems
B) hearing loss
C) vision problems
D) taste hallucinations

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Why do we perceive chili peppers as "hot" and peppermint as "cold"?


A) It is a cultural convention to speak of chili peppers as hot and peppermint as cold.
B) Capsaicin and menthol act as agonists of TRP channels normally activated by temperature changes.
C) We are conditioned to think so because chili-containing foods are served hot, while mint-containing foods are served cold.
D) Neurons sensitive to heat or capsaicin project to nearby regions of the brain, while neurons sensitive to cold or menthol project to other adjacent regions.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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You decide to perform an experiment to test this why plants possess TRP channel agonists.You first set up batches of plants in the field WITH or WITHOUT applied capsaicin or menthol.What parameter do you then measure?


A) photosynthetic rate
B) amount of leaf or fruit damage
C) metabolic rate
D) palatability to humans

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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True or False: A single type of receptor is responsible for detecting all tactile pressure in humans.A variety of specialized receptors detect different degrees of pressure at different levels in the skin.

A) True
B) False

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The ampullae of Lorenzini are jelly-filled pores that allow fish to sense electromagnetic currents.What is an important property of the jelly in these organs?


A) It secretes pheromones for conspecifics.
B) It is a good electrical conductor.
C) It contains gustatory receptors.
D) It is an electrical insulator.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following constitute the vestibular apparatus?


A) saccule and utricle only
B) semicircular canals, saccule, and utricle
C) ampullae of Lorenzini
D) saccule, utricle, and Organ of Corti

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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What does the middle ear consist of?


A) three ossicle bones
B) the ear canal
C) the ear drum
D) the vestibular canal

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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