Question 1

The genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a small member of the mustard family of plants, and rice, Oryza sativa, have been sequenced.The findings include

Accepted Answer

A)  the genome for each is almost identical, indicating that they diverged in the fairly recent past.
B)  they each have very high copy numbers (slightly divergent copies of a gene) , probably indicating episodes of polyploidy and/or segmental duplication.
C)  repetitive DNA, including retrotransposons, was a very small proportion of both genomes.
D)  more than 90% of the genes in each were particular to plants and not found in animal or fungal genomes.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Many retroviral-like transposons found in the human genome may have been transferred from viruses to mammals via ______ gene transfer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many retroviral-like transposons found in the human...

Question 3

The best explanation for why a mouse develops into a mouse and not a human is

Accepted Answer

A)  most of the coding genes are different.
B)  most of the non-coding genes are different.
C)  gene expression differs.
D)  the genes are mostly the same but have been rearranged.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Choose the true statement about the role of polyploidization in the evolution of plant genomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Jumping of transposons is most common many generations after a polyploidization event.
B)  Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy usually affects the participating hybrids equally.
C)  Genome downsizing following allopolyploidy results mainly from duplicate gene loss.
D)  Crop plants rarely show evidence of polyploidization events.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Choose the true statement about foreign DNA in the human genome.

Accepted Answer

A)  Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is ancient.
B)  Most of the foreign DNA in the human genome is coding DNA.
C)  Like the Drosophila genome, the human genome is constantly eliminating its foreign DNA.
D)  New foreign DNA is regularly entering the human genome.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Two genes within an organism that arose from the duplication of a single gene in an ancestor are ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two genes within an organism that arose...

Question 7

Choose the true statement about synteny.

Accepted Answer

A)  Synteny refers to the conservation of gene order along chromosomes.
B)  Synteny refers to the constancy of chromosome numbers in related clades.
C)  Synteny results from polyploidization events.
D)  Synteny refers to the rearrangement of gene order due to inversions.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

The protein-coding gene sequences in humans and chimpanzees

Accepted Answer

A)  are vastly different.
B)  are about 50% alike.
C)  are about 80% alike.
D)  are more than 99% alike.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

One of the unexpected findings to occur in comparing mouse and human genomes is

Accepted Answer

A)  that "junk" DNA may be more functional than we assumed.
B)  how incredibly different they are.
C)  that there is far more "junk" DNA than we ever thought.
D)  how similar some gene families are to their original transposons.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Genome sequencing of the parasitic protist Plasmodium falciparum has been completed.One of the results is

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmodium is highly genetically similar to its host, Anopheles.
B)  Plasmodium is highly genetically similar to its host, Drosophila.
C)  Plasmodium has a chloroplast-like apicoplast that could be targeted by drugs.
D)  Plasmodium produces fatty acids that are similar to ones found in humans and could be targeted by drugs.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

In plants, _________________ induces elimination of duplicated genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In plants, _________________ induces elimination of duplicated...

Question 12

Plant species regularly hybridize in nature, but only some crosses result in new polyploid species.Of the crosses below, if each one occurred, which would be most likely to result in a new stable polyploid species?

Accepted Answer

A)  A cross between a 2n gamete and a 1n gamete, forming a 3n hybrid.
B)  A cross between a 4n gamete and a 1n gamete, forming a 5n hybrid.
C)  A cross between a species with a CC genome and a species with a DD genome, forming a hybrid with a CD genome.
D)  A cross between a species with a BB genome and a species with a DD genome, followed by a doubling of chromosomes, forming a hybrid with a BBDD genome.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

The breast cancer gene BRCA1 has a very similar sequence in humans, mice, and gorillas, due to its origination in a common ancestor.The BRCA1 genes in these species are examples of __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  orthologs
B)  paralogs
C)  polyploidy
D)  syntenyE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

One of the ways that two species can be compared, and information about the genetic basis of human diseases extracted, is by using their sequenced genomes and

Accepted Answer

A)  looking at the allelic differences.
B)  investigating the introns.
C)  looking at the conserved sequences.
D)  exchanging genomic information between them.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above C

Question 15

One of the reasons that pufferfish are a good species to compare to humans is because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is so easy to hybridize the two and investigate the consequences.
B)  they are so distantly related that it's easy to distinguish mutually conserved sequences.
C)  the introns are often identical.
D)  of the rapid response time in pufferfish to artificial selection.E) None of the above
F) A) and D) B

Question 16

The best target for drug development would be

Accepted Answer

A)  genes that are shared by humans and the organisms causing Chagas disease, African sleeping sickness, and Leishmania.
B)  genes that are shared by the organisms causing Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness but not shared by humans or the organisms causing Leishmania.
C)  genes that are shared by humans and the organisms causing Chagas disease but not the organisms causing African sleeping sickness or Leishmania.
D)  genes that are shared by the organisms causing Chagas disease, African sleeping sickness, and Leishmania but not shared by humans.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Arabidopsis thaliana and the pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) are examples of _________________ organisms whose genomes have been sequenced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arabidopsis thaliana and the pufferfish (Fugu rubripes)...

Question 18

During meiosis, a hexaploid hybrid spontaneously eliminates one set of chromosomes (eliminates 1n) .What is the most likely result of this deletion?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hybrid will no longer be able to reproduce.
B)  The hybrid will be able to reproduce with one of the parental species.
C)  The hybrid will no longer be polyploid.
D)  The hybrid will be able to reproduce only by self-fertilization.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Genes that have DNA sequences similar to functional genes but that do not appear to produce any functional product are ________________.

Accepted Answer

pseudogenes

Question 20

Crop sunflowers are attacked by many fungal pathogens, such as downy mildew and Sclerotinia, resulting in economic losses of millions of dollars per year.What genes would be best to target for the development of new fungus-killing crop treatments (fungicides) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes encoding chitin proteins that are shared by downy mildew and Sclerotinia, but absent in sunflower and humans.
B)  Genes encoding growth proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, and sunflower, but absent in humans.
C)  Genes encoding metabolite proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, and humans, but absent in sunflower.
D)  Genes encoding basic development proteins that are shared by downy mildew, Sclerotinia, sunflower, and humans.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 24: Genome Evolution

The genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana, a small member of the mustard family of plants, and rice, Oryza sativa, have been sequenced.The findings include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many retroviral-like transposons found in the human genome may have been transferred from viruses to mammals via ______ gene transfer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best explanation for why a mouse develops into a mouse and not a human is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statement about the role of polyploidization in the evolution of plant genomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statement about foreign DNA in the human genome.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two genes within an organism that arose from the duplication of a single gene in an ancestor are ________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statement about synteny.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The protein-coding gene sequences in humans and chimpanzees

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the unexpected findings to occur in comparing mouse and human genomes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genome sequencing of the parasitic protist Plasmodium falciparum has been completed.One of the results is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In plants, _________________ induces elimination of duplicated genes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plant species regularly hybridize in nature, but only some crosses result in new polyploid species.Of the crosses below, if each one occurred, which would be most likely to result in a new stable polyploid species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The breast cancer gene BRCA1 has a very similar sequence in humans, mice, and gorillas, due to its origination in a common ancestor.The BRCA1 genes in these species are examples of __________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the ways that two species can be compared, and information about the genetic basis of human diseases extracted, is by using their sequenced genomes and

Correct AnswerverifiedC

One of the reasons that pufferfish are a good species to compare to humans is because

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The best target for drug development would be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arabidopsis thaliana and the pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) are examples of _________________ organisms whose genomes have been sequenced.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During meiosis, a hexaploid hybrid spontaneously eliminates one set of chromosomes (eliminates 1n) .What is the most likely result of this deletion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genes that have DNA sequences similar to functional genes but that do not appear to produce any functional product are ________________.

Correct Answerverifiedpseudogenes

Crop sunflowers are attacked by many fungal pathogens, such as downy mildew and Sclerotinia, resulting in economic losses of millions of dollars per year.What genes would be best to target for the development of new fungus-killing crop treatments (fungicides) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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B

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pseudogenes

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