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Exam 10: Muscle Tissue

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Question 21

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Oxidative fibers are

A) red and fatigue-resistant.
B) red and fatigable.
C) white and fatigue-resistant.
D) white and fatigable.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 22

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Describe a hypothetical situation in which two isolated human populations evolve very different muscle fiber composition. In other words, what environmental conditions or food-gathering strategies might cause a prevalence of one fiber type (fast-twitch versus slow-twitch) to be more adaptive than another?

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One might suggest that slow-twitch fiber...

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Question 23

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A flat, thin structure made of dense connective tissue that serves to attach a muscle to a bone (or to another muscle) is a(n)

-This sarcomere depicts relaxed muscle. What does number 1 refer to?

A subthreshold stimulus evokes only a small muscle twitch instead of a full tetanic contraction.

A circular muscle band that contracts at an orifice is also known as a ________.

Which is the neurotransmitter that causes the release of calcium ions from reservoirs within the muscle cell and thereby initiates the steps of contraction?

The iris of the eye contains

Which are the reservoirs that store the calcium required for muscle contraction?

The vascular supply to slow-twitch muscle fibers is ________ the network of capillaries around fast-twitch muscle fibers.

The membranous network that wraps around myofibrils and holds relatively high concentrations of calcium is known as the

The electron transport system refers to oxidative phosphorylation using the coenzymes FADH₂ and ________.

An end plate potential is an event that involves a gain of

The ________ is the innermost connective tissue layer that surrounds each muscle fiber.

The latchbridge mechanism of myosin heads is a property of ________ muscle.

When someone engages in exercise that requires more oxygen than is available, they develop a(n) ________ (2 words), which results in heavy breathing for several minutes after the exercise is complete.

Compared to slow-twitch fibers, fast-twitch fibers respond to a stimulus with less delay and with a shorter contraction duration.

Because skeletal muscle cells are so close together, muscle contains very few blood vessels.

Relaxation is facilitated by the release of passive tension that developed in cablelike ________ proteins that were compressed during contraction.

The type of fibers specialized to continue contracting for extended periods of time, as would be required in running a marathon, for example, are ________ fibers.