Question 1

Which three classes of macromolecules are encoded by mtDNA?

Accepted Answer

proteins, ...

Question 2

The genes for light eyes (lt; light) and straw bristles (stw; straw) are tightly linked on chromosome 2 in Drosophila melanogaster. The Malpighian tubes of lt larvae and adults are maternally affected in that Malpighian tubes of lt/lt organisms, whose mothers were lt+/lt and have more yellow pigment than those from lt/lt mothers. There is no maternal effect associated with the straw locus. Give the phenotypes of the offspring from the following crosses.
Female Male
Cross #1: lt stw/lt stw lt+stw+/lt stw
Cross #2: lt+ stw/lt stw lt stw+/lt stw
Cross #3: lt+ stw+/lt stw lt stw/lt stw

Accepted Answer

Cross #1: 1/2 light Malpighian...

Question 3

Researchers in the late 1950s isolated multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacterium Shigella, which causes dysentery. Such resistance was caused by nonchromosomal R factors that originated in E. coli. Which of the following forms of extrachromosomal heredity-maternal effect, organelle heredity, infectious heredity-would you consider most closely related to the transfer bacterial antibiotic-resistant strains?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers in the late 1950s isolated multiple...

Question 4

Forms of inheritance that do not follow typical Mendelian patterns and that appear to be more influenced by the parent contributing the most cytoplasm to the embryo are grouped under the general heading of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   sex-linked inheritance
B)   neo-Mendelian inheritance
C)   extrachromosomal inheritance
D)   suppressive inheritance
E)   dominance and/or recessivenessF) A) and B)
G) D) and E) C

Question 5

Direction of shell coiling in the snail Lymnaea peregra is conditioned by a form of extrachromosomal inheritance known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   sex-linked inheritance
B)   heteroplasmy
C)   maternal effect
D)   independent assortment
E)   epistasisF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

Through the study of mitochondrial disorders, scientists have suggested a link between the decline of mitochondrial function and aging. What process appears to be involved in this suspected phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)   accumulation of sporadic mutations in the nuclear genome
B)   decline of mutations in the nuclear genome
C)   accumulation of mutations in the mtDNA
D)   recombination of mtDNA and nuclear DNA
E)   recombination among mtDNAs of different mitochondriaF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 7

Direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by a maternal effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In what way do chloroplast mutations influence phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast mutations affect t...

Question 9

An example of organelle heredity involves pigmentation in Mirabilis jalapa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 10

Describe the molecular and transmission characteristics of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Accepted Answer

maternal inheritance...

Question 11

List three organisms that provide examples of organelle heredity.

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens, Mirabi...

Question 12

Mitochondrial mutations are passed equally to offspring by both males and females.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

It appears as if the direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by the orientation of the first cleavage division.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Name two human disorders that appear to be transmitted extrachromosomally.

Accepted Answer

myoclonic epilepsy a...

Question 15

Why is variegation in four o'clock plants determined by the phenotype of the ovule source?

Accepted Answer

The chloroplasts determine the...

Question 16

In what way do segregational petite mutations differ from neutral petites?

Accepted Answer

Segregational petites follow M...

Question 17

What is the meaning of the term endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose independently about 2 billion years ago from free-living proteobacteria.

Question 18

The maternal effect in Lymnaea is such that the genotype of the egg determines the direction of shell coiling regardless of the genotype of the offspring. Apparently, the cause of this spectacular maternal effect results from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   orientation of the spindle apparatus in early cleavage
B)   genophores present in the egg cytoplasm
C)   the F factor exerting its influence on the centrosome
D)   colicins "poisoning" one of the cleavage centers
E)   allelic substitution as demonstrated from RNA injection experimentsF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

One explanation for organelle inheritance is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   mitochondria and chloroplasts lack DNA and are therefore dependent on the maternal cytoplasmic contributions
B)   mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA that is subject to mutation
C)   organelles such as mitochondria are always wild type
D)   chloroplasts, for example, are completely dependent on the nuclear genome for components
E)   None of the answers listed are correct.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

What is the expression pattern of dominant-negative mutations in petite strains of yeast?

Accepted Answer

A)   Expression of wild-type mitochondria is enhanced.
B)   Expression of mutant mitochondria resembles expression of wild-type mitochondria.
C)   Mitochondria show enhanced capacity of oxidative phosphorylation.
D)   The function of wild-type mitochondria is suppressed.
E)   Mitochondrial membranes become hyperpolarized.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 9: Extranuclear Inheritance

Which three classes of macromolecules are encoded by mtDNA?

Correct Answer
verified
proteins, ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Cross #1: 1/2 light Malpighian...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Forms of inheritance that do not follow typical Mendelian patterns and that appear to be more influenced by the parent contributing the most cytoplasm to the embryo are grouped under the general heading of ________.

Correct Answer
verified
C

Direction of shell coiling in the snail Lymnaea peregra is conditioned by a form of extrachromosomal inheritance known as ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Through the study of mitochondrial disorders, scientists have suggested a link between the decline of mitochondrial function and aging. What process appears to be involved in this suspected phenomenon?

Correct Answer
verified

Direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by a maternal effect.

Correct Answer
verified

In what way do chloroplast mutations influence phenotype?

Correct Answer
verified
Chloroplast mutations affect t...
View Answer

An example of organelle heredity involves pigmentation in Mirabilis jalapa.

Correct Answer
verified
True

Describe the molecular and transmission characteristics of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Correct Answer
verified
maternal inheritance...
View Answer

List three organisms that provide examples of organelle heredity.

Correct Answer
verified
Homo sapiens, Mirabi...
View Answer

Mitochondrial mutations are passed equally to offspring by both males and females.

Correct Answer
verified

It appears as if the direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by the orientation of the first cleavage division.

Correct Answer
verified

Name two human disorders that appear to be transmitted extrachromosomally.

Correct Answer
verified
myoclonic epilepsy a...
View Answer

Why is variegation in four o'clock plants determined by the phenotype of the ovule source?

Correct Answer
verified
The chloroplasts determine the...
View Answer

In what way do segregational petite mutations differ from neutral petites?

Correct Answer
verified
Segregational petites follow M...
View Answer

What is the meaning of the term endosymbiotic theory?

Correct Answer
verified
The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose independently about 2 billion years ago from free-living proteobacteria.

The maternal effect in Lymnaea is such that the genotype of the egg determines the direction of shell coiling regardless of the genotype of the offspring. Apparently, the cause of this spectacular maternal effect results from ________.

Correct Answer
verified

One explanation for organelle inheritance is that ________.

Correct Answer
verified

What is the expression pattern of dominant-negative mutations in petite strains of yeast?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 9: Extranuclear Inheritance

Which three classes of macromolecules are encoded by mtDNA?

Correct Answerverifiedproteins, ...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedCross #1: 1/2 light Malpighian...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Forms of inheritance that do not follow typical Mendelian patterns and that appear to be more influenced by the parent contributing the most cytoplasm to the embryo are grouped under the general heading of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Direction of shell coiling in the snail Lymnaea peregra is conditioned by a form of extrachromosomal inheritance known as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Through the study of mitochondrial disorders, scientists have suggested a link between the decline of mitochondrial function and aging. What process appears to be involved in this suspected phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by a maternal effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what way do chloroplast mutations influence phenotype?

Correct AnswerverifiedChloroplast mutations affect t...View AnswerShow Answer

An example of organelle heredity involves pigmentation in Mirabilis jalapa.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Describe the molecular and transmission characteristics of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Correct Answerverifiedmaternal inheritance...View AnswerShow Answer

List three organisms that provide examples of organelle heredity.

Correct AnswerverifiedHomo sapiens, Mirabi...View AnswerShow Answer

Mitochondrial mutations are passed equally to offspring by both males and females.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It appears as if the direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by the orientation of the first cleavage division.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name two human disorders that appear to be transmitted extrachromosomally.

Correct Answerverifiedmyoclonic epilepsy a...View AnswerShow Answer

Why is variegation in four o'clock plants determined by the phenotype of the ovule source?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe chloroplasts determine the...View AnswerShow Answer

In what way do segregational petite mutations differ from neutral petites?

Correct AnswerverifiedSegregational petites follow M...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the meaning of the term endosymbiotic theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose independently about 2 billion years ago from free-living proteobacteria.

The maternal effect in Lymnaea is such that the genotype of the egg determines the direction of shell coiling regardless of the genotype of the offspring. Apparently, the cause of this spectacular maternal effect results from ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One explanation for organelle inheritance is that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the expression pattern of dominant-negative mutations in petite strains of yeast?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
proteins, ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Cross #1: 1/2 light Malpighian...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Chloroplast mutations affect t...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
True

Correct Answer
verified
maternal inheritance...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Homo sapiens, Mirabi...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
myoclonic epilepsy a...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The chloroplasts determine the...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Segregational petites follow M...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose independently about 2 billion years ago from free-living proteobacteria.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified